Herpes Simplex Virus

Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are DNA viruses that cause acute skin infections and present as grouped vesicles on an erythematous base. Rarely, these viruses can cause serious illness and can affect pregnancy, leading to significant harm to the fetus. Most infections are recurrent and tend to reappear at or near the same location. Herpes labialis is the most common infection caused by HSV type 1 (HSV-1), whereas genital herpes is usually caused by HSV type 2 (HSV-2). Other clinical manifestations of HSV infection are less common.

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Herpes is caused by a virus called herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of HSV. HSV type 1 tends to cause sores on the lips (known as fever blisters or cold sores), but it can also infect the genitals. HSV type 2 causes sores on the genitals, but does, at times, also affect the mouth.

Herpes simplex is a viral disease caused by Herpes simplex viruses. Infection of the genitals is commonly known as herpes and predominantly occurs following sexual transmission of the type 2 strain of the virus (HSV-2).

Although HSV-1 has traditionally been the main cause of oral herpes, and HSV-2 the main cause of genital herpes,HSV-1 is now causing up to 50% of all cases of genital herpes. Prognosis may vary depending on the type of virus involved.

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The genital herpes virus can be active in a person's body even though they have no symptoms. That's why out of the 50 million Americans who have genital herpes, 90% don't even realize they are infected with the virus and may unknowingly infect others.

Genital herpes is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus or HSV. There are two types of HSV, and both can cause genital herpes. HSV type 1 most commonly infects the lips, causing sores known as fever blisters or cold sores, but it also can infect the genital area and produce sores. HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital herpes, but it also can infect the mouth. A person who has genital herpes infection can easily pass or transmit the virus to an uninfected person during sex.

Disorders such as herpetic whitlow, herpes gladiatorum, and ocular herpes are caused by herpes simplex viruses. Infection of the central nervous system causes serious disorders - these include herpes encephalitis, Mollaret's meningitis, and possibly Bell's palsy.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) commonly causes infections of the skin and mucous membranes. Sometimes it can cause more serious infections in other parts of the body. HSV is one of the most difficult viruses to control and has plagued mankind for thousands of years.

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The most common complication of primary HSV-2 genital infection is bacterial super infection. In women, systemic complications, such as urinary retention and aseptic meningitis (seen in up to 25% of women), can occur. The associated pain, paresthesia, and discomfort, as well as the psychosocial impact, of herpes simplex outbreaks cause significant morbidity to the individuals who are affected.

Nationwide, since the late 1970s, the number of people with genital herpes infection has increased 30 percent. The largest increase is occurring in young teens. HSV-2 infection is more common in three of the youngest age groups, which include people aged 12 to 39 years.

There is a risk of the transmission of herpes from mother to baby, during labor and birth. A neonatal infection of herpes is potentially problematic, and it is important for a woman who has an episode of Genital Herpes around the time of delivery, to inform the obstetrician who is caring for her so that adequate treatment and care can take priority. Women, who have recurrent herpes prior to experiencing pregnancy, are at very low risk of transmitting the virus to their babies.

There are several different strains of the herpes virus. However, the most common types of herpes are oral herpes (usually caused by herpes simplex 1), and genital herpes (usually caused by herpes simplex 2). Oral herpes infections are often referred to as "cold sores" or "fever blisters." Oral herpes most often occurs on the lips, nose, and the surrounding areas, but can also be transmitted to the genitals through oral sex. Signs Of Herpes

If you think you may have genital herpes or if you have had a partner who may have genital herpes, see your family doctor, adolescent doctor, gynecologist, or health clinic for a diagnosis. Right now, there is no cure for genital herpes, but a doctor can prescribe antiviral medication to help control recurring HSV-2 and clear up the painful sores. The doctor can also tell you how to keep the sores clean and dry and suggest other methods to ease the discomfort when the virus reappears.

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Several distinct disorders are caused by HSV infection of the skin or mucosa including those that affect the face and mouth (orofacial herpes), genitalia (genital herpes), or hands (herpes whitlow). More serious problems arise when the virus infects and damages the eye (herpes keratitis) or invades the central nervous system to damage the brain (herpes encephalitis). Newborn infants, with their immature immune systems, are also prone to serious complications due to HSV infection (neonatal herpes), as are transplant recipients who are immuno-suppressed, and AIDs patients who are immuno-incompetent.

If you have been diagnosed with genital herpes, the herpes virus remains dormant in your system when you are not experiencing a genital herpes outbreak. During this time, genital herpes resides in the nerve cells at the base of the spinal column.

The recurrences of genital herpes often develop in the same region of the body. This is because the virus is transported from the nerve ganglia along the nerve paths to the skin, which limits where a recurrence can take place (generally below the waist if the genital area is infected). However, the symptoms do not always occur in exactly the same place. For example, a lesion may appear on the genitals in one recurrence whereas in the next it may be on the upper thigh.

The genital herpes virus is highly contagious. Anyone experiencing symptoms of a genital herpes outbreak must be very cautious when being intimate with another person, abstinence is recommended, as this is the best method to avoid transmission of the herpes virus. If the virus has been transmitted, the infection is permanent.

If a person has oral herpes (cold sores), and performs oral sex on his/her partner, it is possible for that person to transmit the virus to the genitals from this action, and vice versa. The symptoms of oral herpes and genital herpes are almost identical.

However, a newborn baby can be infected with the herpes simplex virus if the mother's infection is active at the time of birth. You can be contagious, even if you don't have sores or lesions. But if genital herpes sores are present during labor, a cesarean section can be performed to reduce contact between the infection and the baby. Talk to your doctor if you have genital herpes and are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Signs Of Herpes

The herpes virus, both genital herpes and oral herpes, is highly contagious. Anyone experiencing symptoms of a herpes outbreak must be very cautious when being intimate with another person. Those who have symptoms of herpes infections, either on their face or in the genitals, should refrain from contact with another person to help avoid transmission of the herpes virus. If the herpes simplex virus has been transmitted, the herpes infection is permanent.

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